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John Postgate (microbiologist)
John Raymond Postgate (24 June 1922 – 22 October 2014), FRS〔 was an English microbiologist and writer, latterly Professor Emeritus of Microbiology at the University of Sussex.〔〔(Cambridge University Press, author biography )〕 Postgate's research in microbiology investigated nitrogen fixation, microbial survival, and sulphate reducing bacteria. He worked for the Agricultural Research Council's Unit of Nitrogen Fixation from 1963 until he retired, by then its Director, in 1987. In 2011 he was described as a "father figure of British microbiology".〔Cole, Jeffrey, A., "Legless pathogens: how bacterial physiology provides the key to understanding pathogenicity", The Fred Griffith Prize Lecture 2011, reprinted in ''Microbiology'', 2012 Jun; 158(6):1402-13. ; (PDF )〕〔, p. 1402〕
==Education and early life==
John Raymond Postgate was born on 24 June 1922,〔 〕 as the elder son of the writer Raymond Postgate and Daisy Postgate, née Lansbury, private secretary to her father George Lansbury, the politician who was Labour Party Leader of the Opposition 1932-35. He had one brother, Oliver Postgate, later a well-known animator and producer for British television. Several other members of the Postgate family were notable in a variety of fields.
He attended kindergarten and primary private schools in Golders Green, North London, before moving at age 11 to Kingsbury County School; he was evacuated to Devon at the start of World War II. In 1941 he gained an exhibition to Balliol College, Oxford, where he achieved a first class
degree in Chemistry. He had also taken a special biochemistry course. His final examination involved research on the adaptation of bacteria to unfavourable environments and, supported by a grant from the Medical Research Council plus a Studentship from Balliol (which the MRC deducted from his grant), he spent a year reading Microbial Chemistry before doing research for a doctorate on aspects of how bacteria adapt to resist sulphonamide drugs. Sulfomamide drugs had been shown by D D Woods, his supervisor, to block the enzyme assimilating the metabolite p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA for short), a precursor of folic acid, by blocking the enzyme's active site. A substantial excess of a sulfonamide needed to put a complete stop to PABA assimilation.〔Postgate (2013), pp. 90-93〕 Postgate's research was to study sulfonamide action on a species of bacteria that required PABA from the environment as a vitamin; it gave him valuable experience of competition in enzymology.
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